Set oven temperature to 400°F. Use butter to grease a Dutch oven or cast iron pan, or line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Combine the flour, baking soda, and salt in a large basin. Stir in the caraway seeds and raisins.
When the oven is ready to bake and the flour mixture is in the bowl, form a well and pour in the buttermilk. Mix gradually to form a shaggy dough using a big spoon.
Work the dough in the bowl a few times until it forms a soft, shaggy ball. You might not incorporate all of the flour, and that's okay too.
Place the balled dough onto a baking sheet, Dutch oven, or cast iron that has been oiled. Cut an X in the middle of the dough that is 1/3 inch deep. Give the loaf's top a few quick sprays of water.
Bake for 40–45 minutes, or until the interior temperature reaches 200°F, or until golden brown.
Before slicing, let cool for at least half an hour.